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History - African & Middle Eastern

A guide to library and quality web resources useful for Africa & Mideast history research

Copyright & Fair Use

Make sure you understand the copyright requirements of any text, images, or video you incorporate into your own work if you plan to share your work beyond the course (such as put up on a website viewable by the public). Remember that citing the original source is not the same as getting permission to use a work protected by copyright. 

Copyright: All creators own the copyright to their work once it is fixed in tanglibe form. Assume all work published after 1922 is copyright protected. In this case, you must first get permission from the copyright owner to use the work, sometimes for a fee, unless fair use applies.

Creative Commons: A Creative Commons license often allows most non-commercial uses of a work, with attribution and sometimes other limitations. See the specific license for details.  

Public domain: Works in the public domain can be used by anyone without restriction. 

Fair Use: In some cases (e.g., such as academic work you only turn into your professor, or public works of criticism, commentary, parody, that are especially relevant to education, etc.), you may use a portion of a copyright-protected work without permission. Determining what constitutes fair use can be tricky.  Learn more.

To learn more about copyright, see